Evaporation of aqueous solutions of organic acids through spread films of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)/sodium dodecylsulfate complex

The films with the extreme concentration of poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride)/sodium dodecylsulfate complex spread to the surface of aqueous solutions of formic and acetic acids reduce the evaporation rate of liquids by 3–6% and demonstrate selective properties increasing water content in the vapor by 1–3 abs.%. The concentrations of solutions were up to 30 vol.%. The formation conditions of such films were determined by means of the Wilhelmy plate technique. Surface tension isotherms of aqueous solutions of acids were also obtained.     

Evaporation of aqueous solutions of organic acids through spread films of sodium polystyrene sulfonate/dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide complex

The Wilhelmy plate technique was used to determine surface tension isotherms of aqueous solutions of formic and acetic acids with concentration up to 30 vol% and with a film of solution of sodium polystyrene sulfonate/dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide complex spread to the surface. The formation conditions of films with the extreme concentration of the complex were determined. Such films reduce the evaporation rate of binary liquids by 3-6% and demonstrate selective properties increasing the water content in the vapor by 2-5 abs%.     

Efficiency Roll‐Off in Blue Emitting Phosphorescent Organic Light Emitting Diodes with Carbazole Host Materials

The efficiency roll‐off in blue phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) using different carbazole compounds as the host is systematically studied. While there is no significant difference in device efficiency, OLEDs using ter‐carbazole as the host show a reduction in efficiency roll‐off at high luminance. Data from transient photoluminescence and electroluminescence measurements show that the lower triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) and triplet–polaron quenching (TPQ) rates in devices with the ter‐carbazole host compared with other carbazole hosts are the reasons for this reduced efficiency roll‐off. It is also found that the host materials with low glass transition temperatures are more susceptible to the efficiency roll‐off problem.     

Small and Large Scale Fire Experiments with Electric Cables under Well-Ventilated and Vitiated Conditions

Results from a series of small scale (using the DIN 53 436 tube furnace) and large scale experiments (using the IEC 60332-3 rig) are presented for two types of power transmission cables used in buildings. The results are unique in that they catalogue the production of a wide variety of organic and inorganic species under different fire conditions. The experiments were conducted to provide input to an LCA model and the specific organic species studied in detail have been chosen based on the information required by the LCA model.During the process of this study it became apparent that information concerning quantitative organic species evolution from cable fires is lacking in the open literature. This paper aims to provide such information for two specific sets of fire conditions, i.e., a well-ventilated and a vitiated cable riser fire.     

Wear Resistance of Carbide and Boride Coatings on U8A Steel

Wear resistance measurements have been made with U8A steel bearing protective coatings based on the carbides of titanium, vanadium, and chromium or iron borides, for various forms of wear. The carbide and boride coatings raise the wear resistance considerably (by factors of 6-30 in accordance with the type of wear). Measurements have been made on the microhardness, microbrittleness, and adhesion of the coating to the substrate, which are effective characteristics that quite fully reflect the effects of the microhardness and state of stress, structure, and defectiveness on the wear resistance.     

Electrolytic Corrosion of Titanium Carbonitride Composites

The corrosion properties of TiCN, TiCN – AlN, and (TiCN – AlN) – (Fe – Cr) ceramics as well as those of the individual components TiN and TiC in a 3% NaCl solution have been investigated. The kinetics and the mechanism of anode dissolution of metals and oxidation of specimens have been studied by using polarization curves, chemical and x-ray phase analyses, Auger electron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). TiCN and TiCN – AlN composites have been found to be the most corrosion-resistant. The presence of a metallic binder in the titanium carbon nitride somewhat decreases the corrosion resistance of the ceramics. On the whole, however, the ceramics developed boast a significantly higher corrosion resistance than that of structural steel.     

Inductive Learning with a Computational Network

This paper introduces a computational network which combines heterogeneous rule-extraction algorithms for intelligent data analysis. Combining induction programs may alleviate the possible negative effects of data set representation and individual program's influences, such as inductive bias. The application of the computational network to a diabetes data set shows that, when combining the various programs, an increase in rule set accuracy and comprehensibility are obtained.     

Über die Ausbildung von Gittereigenverformungen in Stählen nach bleibender einachsiger Dehnung

Untersuchung von Eigenspannungen an zwei Stählen mit rd. 1,6% C und einem Gefüge aus Perlit und übereutektoidischem, teilweise netzförmig vorliegendem Zementit nach einachsiger bleibender Dehnung bis zu 2,3% mit röntgenographischen Messungen. Ausbildung von Druckeigenspannungen im Ferrit und Zugeigenspannungen im Zementit. Erklärung der Ergebnisse unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des scheinbaren Ungleichgewichtes zwischen Mikrozug- und -druckeigenspannungen.